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john getley,
Although JohnDoe gave the correct advice, hit A-5 vs. 10 instead of late surrendering, his reasoning was faulty. For example, using his reasoning, "You aren't ever going to bust hitting an A5, why wouldn't you hit and try for a better hand?", you would also conclude that, dealt 2,3 vs. A in an early surrender game, you should hit (since you can't bust it by hitting), but in fact you should early surrender it (but NOT late surrender it!).
The real reason why you LS 10,6 vs. 10 but not A,5 vs. 10 is because of the EV's of these two hands. For an 8D game, 10,6 vs. 10 has the following basic strategy EV's (from Don Schlesinger's indispensible BJA3, Table A75, page 468): -0.540827 (Stand), -0.535975 (Hit), and -1.071950 (Double); while A,5 vs. 10 has these EV's: -0.540033 (Stand), -0.209467 (Hit), and -0.516723 (Double). Of course, LS has an EV of exactly -0.5. Thus, with 10,6 vs. 10, the largest (least negative) of the four EV's is -0.5, so basic strategy tells you to surrender 10,6 vs. 10. On the other hand, the largest of the four EV's for A,5 vs. 10 is -0.209467, so basic strategy tells you to hit A,5 vs. 10.
To answer your second question, for an 8D, S17, DAS game, Don's book (See? I told you it was indispensible!) tells us (on pages 492-3) that LS adds 0.076% to the player's B.S. edge. However, as Don points out on page 187, LS is MUCH more valuable to a bet-spreading card counter than to a flat-betting B.S. player: for example, for a 6D game the LS B.S. value is 0.073%, but for a CC playing all and spreading 1:12, LS is worth 0.20%.
Hope this helps!
Dog Hand