Answers
Is there a source that ranks casinos by average penetration levels?
There are several. Current Blackjack News, which may be ordered from this site (click on "Subscriptions" at left.
Blackjack Forum lists penetration levels.
A new online service, TrackJack is a searchable database that includes penetration ratings. At the moment, TrackJack is free.
Info on both Trackjack and Blackjack Forum can be found at:
http://www.rge21.com
Does it change that often?
Yes, constantly. It also may vary from dealer to dealer at a given casino, and even some individual dealers are inconsistant when they place the cut card.
It takes up quite a bit of playing time to observe for yourself if you go infrequently.
Indeed. It does not take any less time if you go frequently.
How much penetration is given in the DD games where there is a cut in the plastic holder that is used?
It varies - there is no standard. Some variation has been observed, even among the different trays at the same casino. All that being said, around 60%-65% is common.